Abstract The exponential growth of cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI) applications has driven an urgent need for high-bandwidth, energy-efficient hardware architectures in data centers. With Moore’s Law nearing its limits, optical neuromorphic computing hardware offers a promising alternative, providing ultra-high speeds and minimal energy consumption due to its analog architecture. Here, we propose the microcomb-enabled parallel optical convolution streaming processor (OCSP) with time, space, and wavelength three-dimensional multiplexing, operating at data rates of 50 GBaud or higher, achieving a convolution computing speed of up to 4 trillion operations per second (TOPS). Moreover, the OCSP uses a robust self-calibration mechanism to achieve accurate optical phase calibration and set-up of its convolution function. This innovative approach leverages time-space interleaving passive periodic interference architecture, incorporating wavelength-division-multiplexing technology, and is verified experimentally for parallel image feature extraction and recognition tasks. Our OCSP offers a practical pathway for seamlessly integrating photonic computing units into data center interconnects, unlocking photonic computing’s potential for scalable, low-latency AI workloads.
Wáng et al. (2026) studied this question.