Application of semi-automatic cone beam computed tomography–magnetic resonance imaging image registration technique in anatomical characterisation of temporomandibular joint disc displacement: A methodological feasibility study

This methodological study demonstrates the technical feasibility of semi-automatic CBCT-MRI registration for the anatomical characterisation of TMJ disc displacement. Although the technique offers improved anatomical visualisation and measurement objectivity compared with single-modality imaging, its clinical implementation requires careful consideration of radiation exposure (particularly in young patients), cost-benefit analysis and alignment with current evidence indicating that clinical symptoms rather than disc position primarily guide TMD treatment decisions. This approach may have utility in research settings, complex diagnostic scenarios or surgical planning, where both osseous and soft tissue visualisation is already clinically indicated; however, it should not be adopted as routine diagnostic practice for patients with TMD.