Impacts of Moringa oleifera Seed Nanoparticles on Growth, Serum Biochemistry, and Hepatic Enzymes in Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Male Wistar Rats

This study was conducted on male Wistar rats to examine the protective effects of Moringa oleifera seed nanoparticles (MOS-NPs). 120 rats were distributed into five groups: normal control (NC) fed a standard diet, high-fat diet control (HC), and HC groups receiving MOS-NPs at 25 (MOS-NP-L), 100 (MOS-NP-M), and 200 (MOS-NP-H) mg/kg BW/day for 60 days. The HC group showed significantly elevated body weight gain (92.3 ± 3.3g), epididymal fat percentage (8.12 ± 0.28%), liver weight (4.77 ± 0.17%), and spleen index (0.45 ± 0.04%) compared to the NC group (56.1 ± 2.4 g, 4.12 ± 0.15%, 3.32 ± 0.12%, 0.24 ± 0.02%). The Serum analysis described increases significantly in glucose, creatinine, urea, ALT, AST, and ALP, along with reduced total protein and albumin in the HC group versus the NC. MOS-NP dose-dependently reversed these variations. The MOS-NP-H group demonstrated the most potent effect, restoring all parameters to levels not significantly different from the NC group, with body weight gain at 60.4 ± 2.4 g (p = 0.008), epididymal fat at 3.36 ± 0.12% (p = 0.008), ALT at 42.1 ± 2.4 U/L (p = 0.007), AST at 86.4 ± 3.4 U/L (p = 0.007), and creatinine at 0.79 ± 0.03 mg/dL (p = 0.007). In conclusion, MOS-NPs at 200 mg/kg, as a natural therapeutic agent, significantly enhanced organ dysfunction.