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March 7, 2026Bulletin of minesOpen Access

Carbothermal reduction of residues of bauxite (red mud) and ilmenite (tionite): A sustainable approach to resource recovery

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Authors

SSSrećko StopićDKDuško KostićMPMitar Perušić

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Overview

Demonstrates the selective reduction of iron and titanium in industrial wastes, indicating a path to sustainable resource recovery.

Key Points

  • The central aim is to explore the use of carbothermal reduction for the recovery of iron and titanium from industrial wastes, red mud and tionite.
  • Applied carbothermal reduction to red mud and tionite
  • Introduced calcium oxide as a fluxing agent
  • Targeted selective reduction and separation of iron
  • Modified the titanium-bearing mineral structure for better leaching
  • Successfully enhanced reduction kinetics using calcium oxide
  • Facilitated the formation of calcium titanate
  • Achieved structural modification of rutile-rich tionite
  • Developed a CaO-modified titanium-bearing slag for leaching

Cite This Study

Stopić et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69abc2355af8044f7a4eb9f0https://doi.org/10.5937/rg2502051s
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 3 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Utilization of Bauxite Residue: Recovering Iron Values Using the Iron Nugget Process2020 · 64 citations
  2. 2Homogeneous precipitation method preparation of modified red mud supported Ni mesoporous catalysts for ammonia decomposition2013 · 84 citations
  3. 3A Review of the Production Cycle of Titanium Dioxide Pigment2014 · 262 citations