Key result
OTA-based Gm-C filter with instrumentation amplifier achieves wearable ECG signal conditioning at ~185 µW.
The proposed 180 nm CMOS signal conditioning block achieves low power consumption and appropriate bandwidth for wearable ECG monitoring devices.
Supports low-power wearable ECG in ambulatory care; extends OTA-based Gm-C designs for high-CMRR biomedical signal conditioning.
This paper presents the design and simulation of a low-frequency biomedical signal conditioning block implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology. The proposed architecture comprises an instrumentation amplifier at the front end for precise amplification of microvolt-level signals, followed by an Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) configured as a Gm–C low-pass filter for bandwidth limitation and noise suppression. The instrumentation amplifier offers a mid-band gain of approximately 40 dB with a bandwidth of 0.1–100 Hz, making it well-suited for ECG signal acquisition. The OTA-based Gm–C filter offers electronic tunability of cutoff frequency through bias current control. The complete system operates at a 1.8 V supply and consumes approximately 184.7 µW. Simulation results, including AC gain, CMRR, PSRR, phase margin, slew rate, and noise analysis, validate the suitability of the proposed design for low-power wearable biomedical applications.
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Choudhury et al. (2026) studied Low-frequency biomedical signals such as ECG in microvolt to millivolt range requiring low-power signal conditioning suitable for wearable biomedical applications. OTA-based Gm-C low-pass filter with an instrumentation amplifier implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology was evaluated on Signal conditioning performance suitable for low-frequency biomedical signals (ECG) including gain, bandwidth, CMRR, phase margin, slew rate, and power consumption. OTA-based Gm-C filter with instrumentation amplifier achieved 40 dB gain, 100 Hz bandwidth, 145 dB CMRR, 60° phase margin, 0.36 V/ms slew rate, and consumed 184.7 µW at 1.8 V supply suitable for wearable biomedical applications.
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