Exergy efficiency and simulation of novel parabolic solar collector influence of turbulence hybrid nanotube

The novelty stems from the original combination of a new collector design, interchangeable rib geometries, and advanced hybrid nanotube-based nanofluids. Determine how changeable rib geometries (square vs. triangular) combined with turbulent flow of hybrid nanotube-based nanofluids can improve the thermal efficiency of a newly designed PTSC, using 3D CFD simulations for performance analysis and optimisation. The square collector increases surface incident radiation up to 0.36%. Furthermore, for the PTSC with square ribs and hybrid nanotube fluid demonstrated 0.22% to 0.81% better performance in total energy output, the triangular-rib collector showed 0.78% better performance under turbulent fluid flow conditions. At last, the use of triangular baffles improved collector thermal efficiency by 0.11%.