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This paper aims to review the evolution and applications of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) from 1995 to 2025.

The Rise of Particle Swarm Optimization: A Systematic Bibliometric & Thematic Review (1995–2025)

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Bibliometric review reveals growth and trends of Particle Swarm Optimization in publications, highlighting artificial intelligence & hybrid models.

This paper aims to review the evolution and applications of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) from 1995 to 2025.
Conducted a bibliometric analysis of 26,089 publications from Scopus, WOS, and IEEE Xplore.
Utilized visualization techniques like Sankey diagrams, Choropleth maps, and heatmaps.
Identified key trends, contributors, and thematic clusters related to PSO.
Highlighted the rise of PSO in computational intelligence and optimization fields.
Noted the emergence of hybrid models and multidisciplinary applications.
Identified Asia, especially China and India, as growing hubs for PSO research.

Salgotra et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Bibliometric review reveals growth and trends of Particle Swarm Optimization in publications, highlighting artificial intelligence & hybrid models.