Establishing the PM2.5 Associated Inflammatory Endotype of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

PM2.5 exposure is associated with a mixed type 2 and type 3 inflammatory endotype in chronic rhinosinusitis, characterized by elevated levels of specific cytokines. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Daniel H. Lofgren; Christina Dorismond; Rory J. Lubner; Katherine N. Cahill; Justin H. Turner; Rakesh K. Chandra; Mason R. Krysinski; Ping Li; Naweed I. Chowdhury

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2026.02.033

March 1, 2026Journal of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyOpen Access

Establishing the PM2.5 Associated Inflammatory Endotype of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

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Key Points

To identify the inflammatory endotype of chronic rhinosinusitis associated with PM2.5 exposure.
Measured levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, IL-12-23p40, IL-13, and IL-21 in mucus samples.
Conducted multivariate analyses to assess cytokine levels in relation to PM2.5 exposure.
Found significant elevations of multiple cytokines in chronic rhinosinusitis mucus samples.
Identified a putative mixed type 2 and type 3 inflammatory endotype associated with air pollution.

Implication

Research uncovers a mixed type 2 and 3 endotype of chronic rhinosinusitis linked to PM2.5 exposure, suggesting novel treatment pathways.

Abstract

PM2.5-associated chronic rhinosinusitis is characterized by joint multivariate elevations in mucus IL-2, 5, 7, 12-23p40, 13, and 21, providing key evidence for a putative mixed type 2 and 3 endotype of CRS associated with air pollution.

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Cite This Study

Lofgren et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69ada804bc08abd80d5bb204 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2026.02.033

View Full Paper

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Establishing the PM2.5 Associated Inflammatory Endotype of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Establishing the PM2.5 Associated Inflammatory Endotype of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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