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March 8, 2026Frontiers in PsychiatryOpen Access

Dynamics of psychological distress: understanding the impact of intraindividual and interindividual factors in the Belgian population during the COVID-19 pandemic—a multilevel prospective cohort study

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Authors

CDCamille DuveauPNPablo NicaisePSPierre Smith

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Overview

Cohort study investigates psychosocial factors influencing psychological distress, highlighting intervention opportunities.

Key Points

  • This research aims to identify factors influencing psychological distress variations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium.
  • Conducted five waves of a prospective cohort survey in Belgium from March 2020 to November 2021.
  • Sample size included 4,550 participants from the general population.
  • Measured psychological distress using the GHQ-12 scale.
  • Analyzed interindividual and intraindividual factors using linear mixed models.
  • Most variance in psychological distress was attributed to interindividual factors.
  • Psychosocial factors, particularly loneliness, were strongly associated with both types of variance.
  • Pandemic-related exposure had a lesser impact on psychological distress than psychosocial vulnerabilities.

Cite This Study

Duveau et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69ada836bc08abd80d5bb570https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1716253
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Dynamic effects of psychiatric vulnerability, loneliness, and social distancing on distress during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from a large-scale longitudinal study2024
  2. 2Impact of COVID-19 on psychological distress in subsequent stages of the pandemic: The role of received social support2024 · 3 citations
  3. 3The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Self-Reported Psychological Distress among United States Adults Post-COVID-19 Pandemic2024 · 3 citations
  4. 4Interpersonal pandemic impact: evaluating the disparate effects of COVID-19 exposure on psychological distress2026
  5. 5Demographic predictors of mental health changes in Flemish adolescents from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic2024 · 1 citations