High Efficacy of Chemoimmunotherapy in Advanced ALK-Rearranged Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement represents a rare molecular subtype of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Although ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are established as first-line therapy for advanced ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), their efficacy in LSCC appears inferior to that in adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, the clinical benefit of chemoimmunotherapy in this rare population remains poorly defined. Here, we report a case of ALK-rearranged LSCC exhibiting primary resistance to ALK-TKI therapy but achieving a remarkable and durable response to combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy, leading to long-term disease control. This case highlights the potential therapeutic benefit of chemoimmunotherapy in ALK-rearranged lung squamous cell carcinoma and suggests that it may represent a viable priority option worthy of exploration in advanced settings.