Root Canal Anatomy of Saudi Subpopulation Canines: Insights from Cone-beam Computed Tomography and Ahmed–Dummer Classification

Aim: Canines are important teeth in terms of esthetics and function.They are considered to represent the longest teeth in the oral cavity.This study aimed to assess the root canal anatomy of both arches' permanent canines in a Saudi subpopulation and classify them using the Ahmed and Dummer coding system.Materials and methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we analyzed a total of 966 permanent canines (maxillary and mandibular) from 282 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients aged 15-68 years.Data collected from CBCT included age, gender, arch, and root canal configurations according to the Ahmed and Dummer classification.We adhered to the PROUD reporting guidelines for root canal anatomy studies.Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 21.Statistical significance at p < 0.05 was selected.Results: This study included 163 males and 119 females.All right and left maxillary canines exhibited a 100% single-root morphology.However, mandibular canines demonstrated variations in root number, with 1.67% of cases showing double roots.Moreover, the most dominant root canal configuration in maxillary and mandibular canines was 1 C 1 .Statistically significant differences were not observed between male and female subjects for any of the root canal configurations (p > 0.05). Conclusion:All maxillary canines demonstrated a single-root morphology, whereas a small percentage of mandibular canines displayed two root variations.The most common root canal configuration in both was 1 C 1 , with variations such as 1 C 1-2-1 in both arches. 1 C 2-1 and 2 C 1 B 1 L 1 were found only in mandibular canines.Gender had no significant impact on root canal morphology.Clinical significance: Clinicians should anticipate rare two-rooted mandibular canines to avoid missed canals.