Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment for Municipal Infrastructure Assets in Ethiopia,

This study examines municipal infrastructure asset management in Ethiopia, focusing on identifying yield improvement opportunities. A Bayesian hierarchical model was applied to analyse data from municipal infrastructure assets, considering spatial and temporal variations. Robust standard errors were calculated to account for uncertainty. The analysis revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.01) in yield by implementing the proposed model compared to traditional methods. The Bayesian hierarchical model demonstrated effectiveness in improving yield measurement, providing a robust framework for future applications in Ethiopian municipal infrastructure management. Further research should explore scalability and potential integration with existing systems to maximise benefits. The maintenance outcome was modelled as Yᵢₜ=β₀+β₁Xᵢₜ+uᵢ+εᵢₜ, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.