A systematic review examines anatomical variability in the mastoid emissary foramen, suggesting critical preoperative imaging for surgical success.
The MEF is a common but highly variable anatomical structure. Awareness of its prevalence and morphology is essential for neurosurgical planning, emphasizing the importance of high-resolution preoperative imaging to minimize vascular complications during posterior cranial fossa approaches.
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Alzir et al. (2026) studied this question.
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