Evolving spaces: A mixed-methods study on transitioning libraries into metaverse learning commons

As libraries increasingly evolve into ‘learning commons,’ understanding their transition from traditional physical spaces to immersive metaverse environments becomes critical for supporting collaborative, experiential learning. This study explores this transformative journey, emphasizing the shifting roles of libraries in the context of emerging technologies. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research first utilizes a comprehensive literature review and case study analysis to construct a theoretical classification framework for library spaces. Subsequently, semi-structured focus group interviews with experts—including librarians, metaverse specialists, and researchers—were conducted to validate this framework and gather insights into the strategic purposes of metaverse libraries. The findings propose a distinct framework classifying library spaces into physical, virtual, and metaverse categories, highlighting their unique affordances. Furthermore, five pivotal roles of metaverse libraries are identified: (1) strengthening future learner competencies, (2) enriching reading experiences, (3) expanding spaces beyond physical limitations, (4) fostering a vibrant reading culture, and (5) providing dynamic teaching-learning experiences. By envisioning libraries as immersive, interactive learning commons that transcend traditional boundaries, this study provides foundational insights for the strategic development, implementation, and future research of next-generation library services.