In addressing the issues of insufficient early strength and prolonged setting time in cementitious sealing materials for coal mines, this study employed a ternary modification approach using peanut shell ash, triethanolamine, and nano calcium carbonate as early strength agents. Orthogonal test is used to determine the optimal ratio through range analysis. Additionally, using tests and characterisation techniques such flowability, x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, the study examined how the ternary early strength agents affected cement performance. The results show that the early compressive strength of cement can be improved by different proportions of experimental groups. Particularly, the combination of 2 % peanut shell ash, 0.04 % triethanolamine, and 1.25 % nano calcium carbonate exhibited optimal early strength performance. At 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days, the compressive strengths were 13.97 MPa, 26.70 MPa, and 41.91 MPa, respectively. Compared to the control group, these strengths represent increases of 91.37 %, 38.20 %, and 49.47 %, respectively. Microstructural analysis revealed that the experimental groups generated more hydration products and reduced porosity, resulting in denser cement samples. The early strength agent enhanced the production of calcium silicate hydrate gel, accelerated the cement,s hydration reaction, and raised the cement's initial strength.
Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.