Case-control study investigates breast cancer susceptibility related to ESR1 polymorphisms, suggesting further research is needed.
Given the hospital-based design, small sample size, and significant deviations from HWE in controls, the observed ESR1 associations should be considered hypothesis-generating rather than confirmatory. Replication in larger, population-based Iranian cohorts with orthogonal genotyping approaches is required before any clinical implications are drawn.
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Hashemzadeh-Charkhtab et al. (2026) studied this question.
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