Divergent manifestations and management of GISTs of the small intestine: a case series

Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) of the small intestine are rare but clinically significant mesenchymal neoplasms, often presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction, or perforation. This retrospective case series analyses six cases managed over 18 months, highlighting their diverse presentations, diagnostic challenges, and surgical outcomes. Gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common symptom (n = 4), followed by obstruction (n = 2) and perforation (n = 1), with one case detected incidentally. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was crucial in preoperative diagnosis, revealing exophytic, or intraluminal masses. All patients underwent surgical resection, including segmental bowel resection with anastomosis or wedge resection, with histopathology confirming GIST in all cases. Postoperative recovery was uneventful in most patients, except for one case of transient paralytic ileus requiring intensive care. This study highlights the diagnostic challenges of small intestinal GISTs and emphasizes the role of early imaging and timely surgical intervention in improving outcomes. Further research is needed to refine treatment strategies and long-term prognostication.