Lidar and Ionosonde Synergistic Observations of Multi‐Layered Metallic Ca ⁺ Layers and Sporadic E at Midlatitudes

Previous studies suggest that gravity wave‐induced wind perturbations can generate multilayered structures within Sporadic E (Es) layers. Here, we present the first continuous LiDAR observations of vertically stratified Ca + (calcium ion) layers at mid‐latitude Mohe (53°33′ N, 122°50′ E). At altitudes above ∼100 km, the Ca + layers evolved dynamically from a dual‐layer to a single‐layer structure, with peak densities of ∼10 3 ions cm −3 . Simultaneously, ionosonde observations showed that the Es layer had synchronized altitude variations but a single‐layer form. The high‐resolution LiDAR revealed the fine structure of the Es layer, which cannot be resolved by ionosondes. Key transitions show that Es disappearance coincided with depleted Ca + column density above 95 km (fluctuations exceeding 10 4 ions cm −2 ) and reduced peak density, while its reformation was linked to Ca + layer merging and enhanced density. The Es layer modeling revealed that periodic vertical wind shears driven by model‐parameterized gravity waves near 108 and 125 km produced distinct ion convergence zones responsible for the observed Ca + multilayering. These results provide direct observational evidence connecting atmospheric gravity waves to metallic ion stratification and Es layer evolution.