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March 12, 2026Advanced Functional Materials3 citationsOpen Access

PEDOT‐Based Eutectogel Electrode Arrays for Enhanced High‐Resolution Electrogastrography: Fabrication, Stability, and Wearable Performance

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CSChristopher SlaughterLGLuke W. GatecliffXTXudong Tao

Key Points

  • The study aims to improve cutaneous electrogastrography by developing a new electrode array that enhances resolution and stability.
  • Developed a 3D-protruded eutectogel array of electrodes
  • Engineered PEDOT eutectogel interface for improved conductivity
  • Assessed long-term stability under ambient drying conditions
  • Conducted transfer function analysis for optimization of electrode size and spacing
  • Recorded high-resolution EGG signals from the epigastrium pre- and post-meal
  • Achieved improved conductivity and reduced skin-electrode impedance
  • Successfully recorded stable high-resolution EGG signals
  • Demonstrated effective long-term performance in a wearable format
  • Recordings provided detailed spatial information during gastric activity
  • Enhanced performance could lower costs and extend POC applications

Abstract

ABSTRACT Cutaneous electrogastrography (EGG) is a non‐invasive diagnostic technique critical for assessing gastrointestinal (GI) function, particularly in monitoring chronic disorders and abnormalities in gastric motility. However, traditional EGG technologies are limited by low spatiotemporal resolution, poor electrode stability, static configurations, and reliance on disposable silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes with gel electrolytes that dehydrate over time. These factors increase costs and confine high‐resolution EGG to clinical settings, limiting its utility for long‐term and point‐of‐care (POC) applications. Here, a fabrication technique for soft, 3D‐protruded and conducting eutectogel array of electrodes is reported. The PEDOT eutectogel interlayer interface was engineered to enhance conductivity, reduce skin‐electrode impedance, and improve dehydration resistance compared to Ag/AgCl electrodes. Long‐term stability was assessed under extended ambient drying conditions. A 16‐circular electrode array was fabricated and optimized through a transfer function analysis, yielding electrodes with a 15 mm diameter and a 30 mm interelectrode spacing. High‐resolution EGG signals were successfully recorded from the epigastrium using the electrode array before and after a meal, providing spatially resolved information. This work presents a promising solution for low‐cost, stable, and long‐term gastric monitoring with high spatial resolution, advancing wearable gastrointestinal diagnostics and enabling point‐of‐care monitoring of chronic gastrointestinal disorders.

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Cite This Study

Slaughter et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b2577096eeacc4fcec6029https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202519081
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