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Finds increased childhood allergic rhinitis risk from co-exposure to PM2.5 and O3, highlighting health concerns in early life.
Early-life co-exposure to O₃ and PM2.5 amplifies childhood allergic rhinitis risk. PM2.5 and O₃ jointly increased allergic rhinitis risk in preschool children, especially during infancy. Their synergistic effects appeared only above interaction thresholds and showed nonlinear exposure-response patterns, with stronger effects in eastern and central China.
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Chen et al. (2026) studied this question.
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