Cold weather conditions: Health outcomes among people experiencing homelessness and interventions to prevent mortality and morbidity

People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are at more risk than the general population for cold-related health impacts, while people experiencing unsheltered homelessness (PEUH), are at even greater risk. With rising numbers of PEH in Canada in recent years, including the increased proportion of PEUH, there is an urgent need to better understand the health impacts of cold-weather exposure among these populations. This rapid review summarizes evidence on cold-related mortality, injuries, and other health impacts, as well as interventions designed to address these outcomes among PEH. While evidence on cold-related mortality is limited, recent evidence shows that PEH face disproportionately higher rates of cold-related illness, often with delayed care, severe injuries, and higher risk of complications. There is limited evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce cold-weather health impacts on PEH. More research is needed on the specific weather conditions and severity of cold that drive these harms, as well as on preventative interventions.