Research on synthesis of microwave‐assisted heterocyclic compounds with eco‐friendly solvents and transition metals via C–H activation

Microwave‐assisted organic synthesis provides a rapid and sustainable platform for synthesizing various heterocycles. Microwave‐assisted transition‐metal‐catalyzed C–H activation enables selective bond formation under mild, efficient, and environmentally benign conditions, particularly when using green solvents such as water and biomass‐derived media. This review highlights recent advances in microwave‐promoted methods for N ‐ and O ‐heterocycle synthesis, demonstrating how transition‐metal catalysts accelerate cyclization, annulation, oxidative coupling, and C–H functionalization. In addition, this review also discusses microwave‐assisted transformations employing pre‐activated C–X bonds, which further broaden synthetic access to diverse heterocycles. Overall, microwave‐assisted transition‐metal catalysis offers a versatile and eco‐friendly approach with increasing relevance to medicinal chemistry, materials science, and sustainable synthesis.