In Ghana, municipal water systems are essential for public health but often face challenges such as contamination and infrastructure decay. A randomized controlled trial design was employed to measure the impact of interventions aimed at reducing microbial contamination across various water sources. Microbial contamination levels were significantly reduced by 20% in treated versus untreated samples after applying a novel disinfection protocol (eta = -0. 15, SE = 0. 04, p < 0. 001). The randomized field trials demonstrated the efficacy of specific interventions in mitigating microbial contamination risks. Further studies should be conducted to assess broader impacts and long-term sustainability of the implemented solutions. Municipal Water Systems, Randomized Field Trials, Microbial Contamination, Risk Reduction
Adutwum et al. (Sun,) studied this question.