A new recombinant strain of MRV type 3 (MRV HN2019-01) was successfully isolated, and this strain has the capacity to infect multi-species cells. 2. Pathogenicity evaluation showed that MRV HN2019-01 strain caused obvious diarrhea and intestinal villi damage in 5-day-old piglets. 3. MRV HN2019-01 infection disrupted the intestinal barrier, and affected the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in piglets. Mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRVs) have been identified in various mammalian species, including humans. Although there have been numerous reports on the cross-species transmission and genetic reassortment of MRVs among humans, livestock and wildlife, the prevalence and pathogenicity of MRVs on swine herds in China remain largely unknown. In this study, a novel MRV type 3 (MRV3) HN2019-01 strain was isolated on Vero cells from a clinical porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-positive intestinal content of a diarrheic piglet, and was identified using the small RNA deep sequencing, electron microscopic observation and the immunofluorescence assays. This isolated strain was able to replicate in multiple cell lines and showed the best replicative efficiency on Vero cells. Genetic analysis revealed that MRV HN2019-01 was a recombinant strain with gene segments from the swine MRV2 and MRV3, and has a close phylogenetic relationship with the MRV2/117 RNA, MRV2/CH/GX/PReoV/2435/2018, MRV3/ZJ2013 and MRV3/BM-100 strains. Subsequently, the pathogenicity of MRV HN2019-01 was evaluated in 5-day-old piglets. The results showed that the MRV HN2019-01 strain caused diarrhea and intestinal villi damage in piglets. Meanwhile, MRV HN2019-01 infection was shown to affect both the diversity and composition of the colonic microbiota in piglets, with a significant increase in Collinsella and Enterococcus and a notable decrease in Lactobacillus, Desulfovibrio and Ruminococcus . Metabolomic analysis revealed that MRV HN2019-01 infection in piglets induced alterations in multiple intestinal metabolites, including carbohydrates, bile acids, 3-hydroxy-L-tyrosine-AMP and short-chain fatty acids. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated significant differences between the infected group and the control group in pathways such as thiamine metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, tyrosine metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism. This study provided important foundational data for investigating the pathogenic mechanisms and evolutionary characteristics of MRV and for the development of vaccines against MRV. This study provided important foundational data for investigating the pathogenic mechanisms of MRV and for the development of vaccines against MRV.
Han et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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