Key result
Empty virus particle ELISA detects MRV2 antibodies in 100% of Japanese swine, demonstrating frequent infection.
Why the study?
Porcine sapelovirus interrupts the growth of other viruses in cell culture, making prevention of its replication critical for isolating non-PSV agents from contaminated samples.
A newly established PSV-resistant cell line enables efficient isolation of MRV, and an ELISA based on empty particles reveals high MRV seroprevalence in Japanese swine and wild boars.
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is a causative agent of acute diarrhoea, pneumonia and reproductive disorders in swine. Since PSV infection interrupts the growth of other viruses due to its high replication capability in cell culture, the prevention of PSV replication is a keystone to the isolation of non-PSV agents from PSV-contaminated samples. In the present study, we established the PSV infection-resistant cell line N1380 and isolated three mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRV) strains, sR1521, sR1677 and sR1590, from swine in Taiwan. These Taiwanese isolates induced an extensive cytopathic effect in N1380 cells upon infection. The complete and empty virus particles were purified from the cell culture supernatants. Next-generation sequencing analyses revealed that the complete virus particles contained 10 segments, including 3 large (L1, L2 and L3), 3 medium (M1, M2 and M3) and 4 small (S1, S2, S3 and S4) segments. In contrast, the empty virus particles without genome were non-infectious. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Taiwanese strains belong to serotype 2 MRV (MRV2). We established an ELISA for the detection of IgG antibody against MRV2 by using the empty virus particles as the antigen. A total of 540 swine and 95 wild boar serum samples were collected in Japan, and the positive rates were 100% and 52.6%, respectively. These results demonstrated that MRV infection occurred frequently in both swine and wild boar in Japan. We established a cell line that is efficient for the isolation of MRV, and the ELISA based on the naturally occurring empty particles would be of great value for the surveillance of MRV-related diseases.
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Zhang et al. (2020) studied Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infection (n=635). ELISA for MRV2 IgG antibody was evaluated on Positive rate of IgG antibody against MRV2. An ELISA based on empty virus particles detected MRV2 IgG antibodies in 100% of swine and 52.6% of wild boar serum samples from Japan, demonstrating frequent MRV infection.
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