China’s Implementation of the Kunming– Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: Legal Challenges and the Ways Forward

While the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) face legal challenges in effectively implementing the 2022 Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), China, as a key player, faces unique challenges in aligning its national legal framework with the goals and targets of the GBF. After translating the GBF targets into national policy commitments, the next critical step is to translate these political pledges into binding legal obligations. Concurrently, a thorough examination of the implementation challenges within biodiversity legislation is warranted, as addressing these challenges effectively will directly support the attainment of the GBF targets.