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March 13, 2026Open Access

A Systematic Review of Methodological Frameworks for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems in Kenya: A Multilevel Regression Analysis of Adoption Determinants (2000–2026).

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This systematic review evaluates public health surveillance systems in Kenya, highlighting predictors of adoption and implications for improvement.

The review aims to identify methodological frameworks for evaluating public health surveillance systems in Kenya and analyze factors affecting their adoption.
Conducted a systematic search following PRISMA guidelines across multiple electronic databases.
Studies were screened and data independently extracted by two reviewers.
Categorized and appraised identified methodological frameworks.
Analyzed determinants of adoption using a multilevel regression modeling approach.
Identified a reliance on CDC Guidelines in over 60% of evaluations.
System flexibility and stakeholder training emerged as strong positive predictors of adoption.
Infrastructural costs were found to have a significant negative association with adoption.
Regional governance structures showed considerable variability in their impact.

Wanjiku Mwangi (2018) studied this question.

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This systematic review evaluates public health surveillance systems in Kenya, highlighting predictors of adoption and implications for improvement.