Optic Nerve Head Spatial Transcriptomic Change in Nonhuman Primate Early Experimental Glaucoma

Spatial transcriptomics analysis revealed a consistent downregulation of multiple myelin-related genes, and IHC confirmed a corresponding decrease in CNPase protein expression. Importantly, spatial transcriptomics identified differential profiles among the prelaminar, laminar, and retrolaminar ONH. Together, these findings highlight early myelin disruption and provide insights into the spatial and molecular dynamics of disease onset in NHP. This work advances our understanding of glaucoma pathogenesis and lays the groundwork for developing novel therapeutic strategies.