5G Technology and Digital Transformation in African Cities: A Scoping Review in Tanzania

The rapid urbanization in African cities has led to increased demands for robust digital infrastructure. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using academic databases, focusing on relevant research articles from to the present. The analysis identified a significant proportion (48%) of the reviewed studies emphasising the potential for enhanced data transfer rates and reduced latency in urban environments. While the majority of studies highlight theoretical benefits, there is a notable gap in practical implementation and evaluation within Tanzanian cities. Further research should prioritise pilot projects to assess the real-world impact of 5G technology on digital transformation efforts. Model estimation used θ̂=argminθ∑ᵢ(yᵢ,f_θ(xᵢ))+λθ₂², with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.