What does this research mean for the field?

Quasi-experimental designs in Nigerian district hospital studies are often methodologically suboptimal, limiting the reliability of causal inferences about clinical outcomes. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This review evaluates the methodological application of quasi-experimental designs in measuring clinical outcomes within district hospitals in Nigeria.

March 13, 2026Open Access

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospital Systems in Nigeria: A Systematic Review of Quasi-Experimental Designs for Clinical Outcome Measurement

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Authors

COChinelo OkonkwoNational Institute for Medical Research FBFatima BelloObafemi Awolowo University CNChukwuma NwachukwuUniversity of Ibadan

Discussion

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Implication

Systematic review assesses the use of quasi-experimental designs for evaluating clinical outcomes in district hospitals, highlighting methodological challenges.

Key Points

This review evaluates the methodological application of quasi-experimental designs in measuring clinical outcomes within district hospitals in Nigeria.
Conducted a systematic search of electronic databases following a pre-registered protocol.
Included peer-reviewed studies utilizing quasi-experimental designs to evaluate hospital-level interventions.
Appraised study quality using the ROBINS-I tool and performed a meta-regression analysis.
27 studies met inclusion criteria from the screened records.
Methodological rigour varied, with inadequate handling of confounding and trends being common.
Only 26% of studies used robust methods to address endogeneity, such as instrumental variables.
Meta-regression showed a positive association between rigour and conservative effect estimates.

Cite This Study

Okonkwo et al. (2002) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b3ad0502a1e69014ccf451 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18951157

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Implication

Systematic review assesses the use of quasi-experimental designs for evaluating clinical outcomes in district hospitals, highlighting methodological challenges.

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospital Systems in Nigeria: A Systematic Review of Quasi-Experimental Designs for Clinical Outcome Measurement

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospital Systems in Nigeria: A Systematic Review of Quasi-Experimental Designs for Clinical Outcome Measurement

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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