What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to evaluate the efficacy of a lipopeptide biosurfactant in disrupting microbial biofilms.

March 14, 2026

Sustainable Disruption of Microbial Biofilms: Functional and Antimicrobial Assessment of a Lipopeptide Biosurfactant

Key Points

This research aims to evaluate the efficacy of a lipopeptide biosurfactant in disrupting microbial biofilms.
Isolated biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis using molasses.
Characterized biosurfactant through FTIR, 1H NMR, and HRMS analyses.
Measured critical micelle concentration, surface tension, and emulsification index.
Assessed antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against multiple pathogens.
Identified biosurfactant as a surfactin-like lipopeptide with a low critical micelle concentration of 70 mg/L.
Demonstrated surface tension reduction to 24.46 mN/m and interfacial tension to 0.46 mN/m.
Achieved significant oil-displacement zone of 2.2 cm and emulsification index of 91%.
Displayed concentration-dependent antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Abstract

Biofilm-associated infections pose significant challenges due to the increased antibiotic resistance of microorganisms within these structures. This study involved isolating and characterizing the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis RSL-2 using molasses to develop a sustainable antibiofilm agent. The biosurfactant was identified as a surfactin-like lipopeptide (molecular weight: 1037 g/mol) based on FTIR, 1H NMR, and HRMS analyses. It demonstrated a low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 70 mg/L and markedly decreased surface and interfacial tensions to 24.46 and 0.46 mN/m, respectively. Functional experiments revealed significant surface activity, as evidenced by a 2.2 cm oil-displacement zone and an emulsification index of 91% in toluene. The surfactin demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus hirae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus, and Candida at their respective IC90 values. The producer strains exhibited high IC90 values, likely reflecting their inherent tolerance to surfactants. Surfactin's eco-friendliness, antibiofilm activity, and functional adaptability make it a promising agent for managing biofilms in both medicinal and industrial applications. This work highlights the strategic potential of molasses-derived biosurfactants as environmentally friendly and sustainable options for antibacterial and antifungal applications, particularly for addressing biofilm-associated infections.

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