Observational findings show lead exposure may increase symptoms of depression and anxiety in childhood, suggesting potential long-term impacts on cognitive abilities.
The adverse effects of low‐level lead exposure during early brain development are known to be associated with lower cognitive abilities and external behavior problems in children. But less is known about the association of lead exposure with depression and anxiety. Symptoms of depression and anxiety start in later childhood.
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Alison Knopf (2026) studied this question.
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