Effect of calcium silicate-based materials on tooth discolouration in repairing root perforations of lower molars: an in-vitro study

This study aimed to compare the effects of four calcium-silicate-based materials (Biodentine, Bio-C Repair, EndoCem MTA Premixed, NeoPutty) on tooth colour change in perforation repair to identify the most suitable option for aesthetically critical areas. Eighty five extracted two-rooted mandibular molars were used. Roots were sectioned 2 mm below the furcation, access cavities prepared, and buccal dentin thickness standardized to 2.5–3 mm. A 1.4 mm furcal perforation was then created in each sample. The control group ( n = 5) received no repair material, while the experimental groups ( n = 20; groups 1–4) were treated with Biodentine, Bio-C Repair, EndoCem MTA Premixed and NeoPutty, respectively. Colour was assessed with a spectrophotometer at baseline, 1 week, 1, 3, 6 months. ΔE and ΔL values were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s test ( p < 0.005). At 3 and 6 months, ΔE values of Group 3 (EndoCem MTA Premixed) and Group 4 (NeoPutty) were significantly higher than those of Group 1 (Biodentine) and the control group ( p < 0.005). CIEDE2000 ΔE00 analyses confirmed that Groups 3 (EndoCem MTA Premixed) and 4 (NeoPutty) caused a significantly greater color change across all time periods compared to other groups. Biodentine and Bio-C Repair caused significantly less staining than EndoCem MTA Premixed and NeoPutty, making them more suitable options for perforation repair in aesthetically critical areas.