Vitiligo: Etiology, Clinical Features and Modern Treatment Approaches

Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes, leading to depigmented white patches on the skin. The disease affects approximately 1–2% of the global population and can occur at any age. Although vitiligo does not directly threaten life, it has significant psychological and social impacts. The aim of this article is to review the etiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and modern treatment approaches of vitiligo. Understanding the mechanisms of melanocyte destruction and immune dysregulation is essential for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.