Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of AgNPs Using Ginkgo Biloba Leaves for the Evaluation of Biological Activities and an Extended Conceptual DFT Study

Today, plant extracts are significant due to the presence of secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, and flavonoids, which act as capping and stabilizing agents for nanoparticles. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a one‐step green synthesis method employing the aqueous extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBL). The synthesis of AgNPs was characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The effect of flavonoid reactivities on the stabilization of AgNPs was elucidated through molecular modeling studies using conceptual density functional study (CDFT) calculations. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs, with an average size of 18 nm, was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging activity test. Finally, the results of the antibacterial evaluation demonstrated the promising effectiveness of AgNPs against E. coli and B. subtilis , highlighting their potential as a powerful agent in combating bacterial infections.