What type of study is this?

This is a Cross-Sectional Study study.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To classify neighborhood typologies based on features and investigate their influence on cognitive function among older adults.

March 14, 2026PLoS ONEOpen Access

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Cross-sectional analysis shows disparities in cognitive function among older adults, indicating the need for community initiatives.

To classify neighborhood typologies based on features and investigate their influence on cognitive function among older adults.
Cross-sectional analysis of 6,480 participants from the Health and Retirement Study.
Neighborhood features derived from the National Neighborhood Data Archive, including deprivation and amenities.
Cognitive function assessed using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS).
Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) clustering algorithm used to classify neighborhoods.
Multilevel regression models examined associations between typologies and cognitive function.
Four neighborhood typologies identified: low deprivation, green neighborhood; mid-SES, high hazard neighborhood; high-amenity neighborhood; disadvantaged neighborhood.
Significant disparities in cognitive function across neighborhood typologies were found.
Older residents in high-amenity neighborhoods had better cognitive function compared to those in disadvantaged neighborhoods (β = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.23–6.47).
Findings suggest unequal distribution of amenities and hazards affecting cognitive health in late life.

Yu et al. (2026) studied this question.

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