Environmental justice movements in resource-rich African nations have gained prominence due to the disproportionate impacts of environmental degradation on marginalized communities. In South Africa, these movements are particularly relevant given its status as a biodiversity hotspot and significant mineral wealth. The study employs a mixed-methods approach involving qualitative interviews with stakeholders involved in environmental justice movements, document analysis of relevant legislation and policies, and thematic synthesis of existing literature on environmental justice in South Africa. Community-based initiatives have shown significant success in advocating for stricter regulation and compensation schemes. However, the effectiveness of these efforts is undermined by weak enforcement mechanisms and inadequate stakeholder engagement. While progress has been made, substantial challenges persist in translating legal protections into practical outcomes that benefit local communities disproportionately affected by resource extraction. Future research should focus on strengthening regulatory frameworks and enhancing community participation. Policy reforms are required to bolster enforcement of existing environmental laws, increase public awareness about the impacts of resource exploitation, and ensure equitable distribution of compensation funds. Environmental Justice, Resource Extraction, South Africa, Stakeholder Engagement
Dlamini et al. (Sat,) studied this question.