Nordic Walking in People With Parkinson's Disease: Benefits and Practical Recommendations

Nordic walking (NW) has emerged in recent years as a promising exercise modality. It is distinguished from free walking by its incorporation of specially designed poles to engage the upper body, enhance muscle activation, and increase energy expenditure. This review examines the benefits of NW for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), describing training solutions and advantages over free walking. NW's pole-assisted propulsion increases stride length, reduces joint impact, and enhances trunk stability, addressing common gait impairments. NW can improve walking speed, balance scores, and gait symmetry, while also potentially alleviating nonmotor symptoms. Practical recommendations for implementing NW programs include patient selection criteria, individualized training protocols (e.g., the individualized-based volume and intensity using the 6-minute walking test and the individual locomotor rehabilitation index, respectively), and strategies to minimize risks and ensure safety. NW's adaptability allows for customized exercises, incorporating adjustable poles and appropriate footwear. In conclusion, NW is an effective and adaptable exercise modality that may improve both motor and nonmotor symptoms, and the quality of life in individuals with PD.