Efficacy of Resistance Training in Reducing Injury Risk and Managing Performance-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Instrumental Musicians: A Narrative Review

Athletes and coaches recognize strength and conditioning training as essential for developing the physiological adaptations needed to meet the physical demands of competitive athletics. However, this recognition is far less widespread among instrumental musicians, who suffer from a high prevalence of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). The etiology of PRMDs stems partly from continued exposure to repetitive biomechanical stresses that exceed an individual's tolerance and capacity for recovery. Although research does highlight the potential of resistance training (RT) to reduce injury risk and manage PRMDs in instrumental musicians, methodological heterogeneity and generally low levels of evidence warrant caution in asserting broad clinical applicability. Strength and conditioning professionals should develop programming that carefully considers all relevant movement patterns and medical needs, tailored to the specific patient's pathology, training age, and instrument. The present review accordingly examines the recent literature to assess the efficacy of RT in reducing injury risk and managing PRMDs in instrumental musicians. The reader is encouraged to view a recorded video abstract, included as Supplemental Digital Content.