Unicystic Ameloblastoma of the Anterior Mandible in a 13YearOld Child: A Case Report

Ameloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic tumor of the jaws, with the unicystic variant often mimicking odontogenic cysts in clinical and radiographic presentation, particularly in younger patients. We report the case of a 13 year old male presenting with a swelling in the anterior mandible associated with an impacted canine. Clinical examination revealed buccolingual cortical expansion and facial asymmetry, while radiographs and CBCT demonstrated a well defined unilocular radiolucency with corticated margins and cortical perforations, initially suggestive of a dentigerous cyst. Aspiration yielded straw colored fluid, further supporting a cystic diagnosis. Enucleation with extraction of the impacted tooth was performed, and histopathology confirmed unicystic ameloblastoma with follicular architecture. This case underscores the diagnostic overlap between odontogenic cysts and UA in adolescents, highlighting the importance of histopathologic evaluation for definitive diagnosis. Conservative management through enucleation remains a preferred approach in pediatric patients to preserve mandibular growth and function, though recurrence risk necessitates long term follow up. The case emphasizes the need for vigilance in differentiating cystic lesions from neoplastic entities in the pediatric population and supports conservative treatment with structured surveillance as an effective management strategy.