Innovative Climate-Resilient Aquaculture Practices in Southern Coastal Tanzania: Farmer Perceptions and Livelihood Stability Indicators

In Southern coastal regions of Tanzania, climate variability has significantly impacted traditional aquaculture practices, leading to reduced fish yields and economic instability among small-scale farmers. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating a questionnaire survey with in-depth interviews to gather data from 150 aquaculture farmers across three coastal districts. Data analysis utilised thematic content analysis for qualitative insights and descriptive statistics for quantitative assessments. Farmers reported a significant reduction (32%) in fish mortality due to climate-induced changes, particularly droughts affecting water availability. A notable theme emerged regarding the adoption of mulberry leaf-based feed as an affordable alternative to expensive commercial feeds. The study underscores the critical role of farmer-led innovation in enhancing resilience against climate shocks and improving livelihood stability in Tanzanian coastal aquaculture communities. Local governments should support farmers through capacity-building programmes focused on climate-resilient farming techniques, while research institutions should prioritise development of affordable feed solutions for small-scale aquaculture.