Systematic derivation reveals Hawking radiation spectrum and cosmological equations, indicating links between thermodynamics and quantum mechanics.
Building upon the recently developed Complex Time Quantum Thermal Geometry (CTQTG) framework, we present a systematic derivation of ten original equations that address fundamental open problems in theoretical physics. Starting from the first-principles action on a complex time manifold with coordinate z = τ/P + i t/P, we derive: (1) a generalized time operator satisfying [T, H] = i1 + i² G κ R with a geometric correction term; (2) the complex-time Dirac equation (iγ^μ∇_μ - m - ξ R/P⁻¹)Ψ = 0 incorporating curvature coupling; (3) a universal Hamiltonian for dissipative systems derived from entropy production via H = i∂z S; (4) the modular flow equation ∂z Ψ = δ_Ψ establishing equivalence between complex time and Tomita-Takesaki flow; (5) Kaluza-Klein reduction of the complex time fiber yielding an effective four-dimensional Yang-Mills theory; (6) the corrected Hawking radiation spectrum Γ(ω) = Γ₀(ω)exp(-² Gω²/kB TH); (7) cosmological perturbation equations Rₖ'' + (k² - z''/z)Rₖ = α G ρ Rₖ; (8) entanglement entropy evolution ∂z SA = 1/4G∫γA Ω² K |dz|; (9) renormalization group beta functions βG = -G²(1/6-ξ)/2π and β_ξ = G(ξ-1/6)(ξ-1/3)/2π; and (10) critical scaling relations ν = 1/(2-θ) and γ = 1 in the presence of long-range temporal interactions. Each equation is derived, interpreted physically, and placed in the context of existing literature. These results collectively demonstrate that the complex time framework provides a fertile ground for generating testable predictions and resolving long-standing puzzles at the intersection of quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and gravity.
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Y. Li (2026) studied this question.
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