Zhurong rover reveals salt weathering-driven surface modification by transient brine activity on Mars

This model outlines the multistage development of salt weathering features on Martian rock surfaces at Zhurong’s landing site. Airfall dust and salts are deposited and stabilized by electrostatic adhesion and salt cementation. Episodic humidity excursions promote deliquescence and transient brine formation, leading to pit deepening and coating thickening. Repeated brine episodes weaken surface integrity, facilitating exfoliation and fragmentation. Aeolian erosion further modifies exposed surfaces, carving flutes and grooves. These processes collectively support the interpretation that salt weathering remains active under present conditions and may create niches conducive to biosignature preservation.