Assessing the socio-economic impacts of urban green spaces on community well-being and environmental justice: A case study of the city of Niš

This study explores the impact of Urban Green Spaces (UGSs) on community well-being and environmental justice in Niš, Serbia. Conducted within the framework of TransformERS (CA 22156), the research focuses on the socio-economic effects of UGSs. UGSs play a crucial role in public health, social cohesion, and economic activities, as demonstrated by numerous studies. However, disparities in access and quality remain a significant challenge, particularly in marginalized urban areas. To evaluate the benefits of UGSs in Niš, this study utilizes a community-wide survey alongside spatial analysis through GIS software to assess real-world conditions. The findings indicate that 37% of the city's area consists of green spaces, including forests, green belts, parks, and lawns. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) is employed to analyze the complex relationships within the study. The results reveal a weak direct link between UGSs and community well-being. However, demographic factors and environmental justice serve as key mediators, clarifying the connection. To enhance community well-being through urban green spaces, policymakers should prioritize reducing income inequality and eliminating barriers that restrict access to UGSs.