Model demonstrates cosmic recycling through black-white hole bridges, indicating new insights into dark energy.
Black holes process stellar matter through accretion disks and Hawking evaporation over cosmological timescales (t_H ∼ 10^67 (M/M_⊙)^3 years). At Planck scale, loop quantum gravity triggers bounce, tunneling via ER=EPR quantum bridges to transient white holes (τ ∼ 10^-39 s). These erupt, dispersing atomic plasma that cools into star-forming nebulae over 10^5 years. The Chapagain Cycle predicts:• He-3/He-4 enrichment (0.05 vs Big Bang 10^-4) in AGN nebulae (JWST testable)• High-frequency gravitational chirps (10^-15 Hz) from Planck bounces (LISA) • GRB precursors to nebulae brightening (Fermi)• Positronium excess near galactic centers (ALMA) Model provides dark energy alternative via cumulative white hole outflows, resolves information paradox, and explains nebula metal enrichment without fine-tuning ΛCDM. Speculative toy model inspired by LQG bounce scenarios and ER=EPR conjecture.
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Raman Raman Chapagain (2026) studied this question.
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