The Four Stage Evolutionary Mechanism of Black Holes in Their Whole Life Cycle

Based on the core theory of the photon origin principle, this paper abandons classic flawed models including gravitational collapse and spacetime singularity. It adopts photon aggregation effect, layered structure and bidirectional dynamic conversion between photons and matter particles to build a complete evolutionary system for supermassive black holes at galactic centers. This paper specifically targets black holes at galactic centers and excludes small black holes in galactic spiral arms. This paper divides the full life cycle of black holes into four stages including youth, prime, old age and wandering final state. It systematically describes the material composition, energy gradient and gravitational distribution of the three layer structure inside black holes, and defines the tentative volume ratio and dynamic evolution rule of the inner core, mantle and crust. It explains the bidirectional dynamic balance mechanism between black hole expansion growth and contraction fallback, analyzes the essential formation of intermittent bipolar jets and tiny photon leakage at the equator, and emphasizes that gamma photons move at the speed of light inherently with no need for external acceleration. Relevant mechanisms are explained combined with LHAASO observation data. The paper sorts out the rules of energy supply, layer evolution, rotation change and jet strength in the whole life of black holes. Black holes grow rapidly in youth. Black holes keep slow continuous growth in prime age while galaxies still hold abundant matter and jet range is limited. Rotation speed reaches the peak in old age and jet can travel the farthest up to 23 million light years. Multiple cosmic evolution destinations of wandering black holes are summarized. All layer ratios and evolution rules are reasonable deductions under current physical logic without fixed measured values, and can be revised and updated when deep space observation data are improved in the future.