The Primary Energy (PE) Framework: A Unified Phenomenological Model of Superfluid Vacuum, Gravitational Wave Dispersion, and Dynamic Singularity Resolution

The standard cosmological and particle physics models (ACDM and the Standard Model) currently face insurmountable observational tensions, notably the Hubble constant discrepancy, the surface brightness anomalies of high-redshift galaxies detected by JWST, and the persistent g-2 anomaly. This comprehensive paper introduces the Primary Energy (PE) Theory, a unified phenomenological framework that models the physical vacuum as a material, viscous superfluid substrate. By abandoning the geometric abstraction of empty spacetime in favor of a hydrodynamic medium, we derive a set of macroscopic and microscopic viscosity parameters that naturally resolve these crises. We demonstrate that cosmological redshift is a cumulative dissipative effect in a wave-regime vacuum (eta_wave ~ 0.10), which precisely accounts for the Hubble tension. Cross-correlation analysis of raw LIGO data (GW150914) reveals a previously undetected frequency-dependent dispersion lag of ~21.2 ms, yielding a micro-viscosity coefficient (eta ~ 2.02 x 10^-9) that correlates fundamentally with quantum electrodynamic radiative corrections (alpha^4). Furthermore, we introduce a dynamic gravitational constant, G_eff, which mathematically eliminates metric singularities in black holes. Finally, we propose two falsifiable experimental protocols to test the local saturation limit of vacuum viscosity (eta_max ~ 0.14) at a critical magnetic field threshold of 17.5 T: the static muon decay test and a noise-resistant nuclear metrology protocol utilizing the Thorium-229 isomer.