Epidemiological Study of Gestational and Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Blumenau Between 2018 and 2023

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can lead to severe complications during pregnancy, especially when transmitted to the fetus. Early diagnosis, performed through serological tests such as IgM and IgG avidity, is essential in prenatal care. This study analyzes gestational and congenital toxoplasmosis in Blumenau from 2018 to 2023 from an epidemiological perspective, aiming to contribute to prevention and improved follow-up of pregnant women. Retrospective cohort study with a quantitative/qualitative approach, conducted in Blumenau (2018–2023). Data on pregnant women and newborns with toxoplasmosis were collected from the SINAN and Pronto systems. Descriptive analysis was performed, and annual disease incidence was calculated. There were variations in gestational toxoplasmosis notifications between 2018 and 2023, with peaks that may reflect changes in diagnosis and surveillance. The most affected age group was 20 to 30 years, especially 20 to 25, with emphasis on diagnosis in the first trimester. Use of IgG avidity increased, contributing to a rise in discarded cases and improving diagnostic accuracy. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected prenatal follow-up, which may explain the decrease in confirmations in 2021 and 2022. A reduction in spiramycin use and an increase in the triple regimen were observed, in line with current protocols. However, refusal of treatment remains a challenge. Seventy-nine notifications of congenital toxoplasmosis were recorded, with higher numbers between 2019 and 2021, a decrease in 2022, and an increase in 2023. Only four cases were confirmed, suggesting a possible improvement in screening and test specificity. Newborn serology showed predominance of non-reactive IgM and maternally transferred IgG. The triple regimen was the only therapy used in confirmed cases. Incidence in Blumenau was lower than the state average, possibly due to underreporting in the private network. Analysis of notifications in Blumenau (2018–2023) showed a prevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women aged 20 to 30 years, with diagnosis predominantly in the first trimester. Advances occurred in diagnostic methods and treatment, but refusal of therapy by pregnant women remains a challenge. The need for early serological screening, educational actions, and service integration is reinforced to control gestational and congenital toxoplasmosis.