What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to synthesize silver selenide nanoparticles using pomegranate peel extract and evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

March 17, 2026Open Access

Bio-inspired synthesis of silver selenide (Ag₂Se) binary chalcogenide nanoparticles mediated by Punica granatum L. peel extract and a comprehensive evaluation of their biological activities

SSSiddharth SatpathySiksha O Anusandhan University PSPallavi SamalSiksha O Anusandhan University APArun Kumar PradhanSiksha O Anusandhan University

Puntos clave

The research aims to synthesize silver selenide nanoparticles using pomegranate peel extract and evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
Eco-friendly synthesis using Punica granatum L. peel extract
Characterization through UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, DLS, and zeta potential analysis
Antimicrobial assays against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Assessment of antioxidant activity using DPPH and H2O2 assays
Average crystalline size of synthesized Ag2Se nanoparticles is 11.52 nm
Antimicrobial effectiveness with MIC values of 100 µg/mL for S. aureus and E. coli
Achieved up to 95%-100% bacterial inhibition at 500 µg/mL
Notable antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 142.6 µg/mL (DPPH) and 158.3 µg/mL (H2O2)
Less than 5% hemolysis at 25 µg/mL concentration

Resumen

The growing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria calls for the urgent development of novel antimicrobial agents. Binary chalcogenide nanoparticles, particularly Ag2Se nanoparticles, have emerged as promising candidates due to their enhanced antibacterial properties, biocompatibility and multifunctional applications. This study presents an eco-friendly synthesis of Ag2Se nanoparticles using pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract, leveraging its rich polyphenols and flavonoids as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterised using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD and FE-SEM, confirming successful synthesis, different bonds and functional groups and their structural and morphological properties. The average crystalline size of Ag2Se nanoparticles determined to be 11.52 nm. DLS and zeta potential analysis revealed that Ag2Se nanoparticles of size 282.1 nm were stable in nature. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated potent activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus with 100 µg/mL MIC, Staphylococcus epidermidis with 250 µg/mL MIC) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli with 100 µg/mL MIC, Acinetobacter baumannii with 250 µg/mL MIC) bacteria, achieving upto ~ 95%-100% inhibition at 500 µg/mL with significant membrane disruption observed through cytoplasmic leakage and SEM analysis. Additionally, the Ag2Se nanoparticles exhibited notable antioxidant activity in DPPH with an IC50 of 142.6 µg/mL, and H2O2 assays with 158.3 µg/mL, alongside < 5% hemolysis at 25 µg/mL concentration. These findings highlight the dual functionality of Ag2Se nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, offering sustainable solutions for biomedical applications such as wound healing, antimicrobial coatings and drug delivery systems. This green synthesis approach aligns with global efforts towards eco-friendly nanotechnology.

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