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March 17, 20262 citationsOpen Access

Jacobson Bridge for QCD-Induced Cosmological Closure: Thermodynamic Formulation and Lattice Tests for the Entropy-Area Coefficient

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MBMiguel Ángel Moreno Barajas

Key Points

  • This research aims to establish a framework connecting QCD effects to cosmological gravity using thermodynamic principles.
  • Defined operational quantities related to dark-energy density and thermodynamic inputs under cosmological closure assumptions.
  • Developed a consistency check framework to relate QCD properties and gravitational dynamics without direct gravitational input.
  • Examined the role of entanglement and information measures in determining gravitational dynamics.
  • Outlined conditions for the saturation of Bekenstein-Hawking coefficients in QCD-induced frameworks.
  • Confirmed that dark-energy density originates solely from QCD parameters, independent of gravitational constants.
  • Identified a micro-macro relationship that connects QCD parameters with cosmological gravitational constants.
  • Revealed conditions under which entropic responses can inform gravitational dynamics, aligning with known bounds.
  • Predicted a specific equation of state for dark energy, with observable implications for cosmological models.

Abstract

Abstract (English) In previous works of this series it was shown that the nonlocal (Casimir/response-type) piece of the QCD-induced gravitational functional predicts an effective dark-energy density ρDE = κ GN μ_*⁶, where κ is a dimensionless number extractable from and μ_* is fixed by chiral parameters. Under the cosmological (Tier-2) hypothesis that this operational quantity is the relevant source in Friedmann, late-time closure implies a cubic UV/IR relation and a cell counting Ncells proportional to A/lPl² with non-free prefactor α (κ). In this work we define a minimal set of additional assumptions under which that area law can serve as microphysical input for thermodynamic derivations of gravitational dynamics and, relatedly, for the formulation in terms of entanglement equilibrium. The central result is not a derivation of gravity from QCD, but a chain of falsifiable consistency checks: (i) κ is purely QCD and does not contain GN in its definition, so an independent lattice measurement fixes α (κ) with no gravitational input; (ii) Tier-2 closure turns this into a micro-macro prediction for GN in terms of κ, μ_*, and LdS; (iii) the entropic identification requires a second input, a per-cell parameter ξ defined operationally from a UV-finite entropic response (Rényi/entanglement or mutual information) in characteristic volumes of order l_*³; (iv) consistency with a covariant Bousso-type bound requires ξ ≤ π α (κ), while saturation ξ = π α (κ) reproduces exactly the Bekenstein-Hawking coefficient S = A/ (4GN) required by Jacobson. In addition, we formalize the logical status of the closure: we show that the saturation condition ξ = π α (κ) is an algebraic identity, not a fourth equation, and that under EFT decoupling the minimal framework “QCD + semiclassical GR” requires exactly one external dimensional input to determine GN, H, and LdS. We also discuss why, if the thermodynamic bridge is realized, the universality of gravitational coupling emerges geometrically without requiring QCD to be everything, and why the expected dynamical corrections in FRW are extremely small, of order H²/μ_*². Finally, we point out an immediate observational test: the mechanism predicts w = -1 with extremely small adiabatic corrections of order H²/μ_*², so robust evidence for w (z) ≠ -1 at high significance in cosmological analyses would falsify this minimal realization of Tier-2. Resumen (Español) En trabajos previos de esta serie se mostró que la pieza no local (tipo Casimir/response) del funcional gravitatorio inducido por QCD predice una densidad efectiva de energía oscura ρDE = κ GN μ_*⁶, donde κ es un número adimensional extraíble de y μ_* está fijada por parámetros chirales. Bajo la hipótesis cosmológica (Tier-2) de que esa quantity operacional es la source relevante en Friedmann, el cierre late-time implica una relación UV/IR cúbica y un conteo de celdas Ncells proporcional a A/lPl² con prefactor no libre α (κ). En este trabajo definimos un conjunto mínimo de hipótesis adicionales bajo las cuales dicha ley de área puede servir como input microfísico para derivaciones termodinámicas de la dinámica gravitatoria y, de manera relacionada, para la formulación en términos de equilibrio de entrelazamiento. El resultado central no es una derivación de la gravedad desde QCD, sino una cadena de consistency checks falsables: (i) κ es puramente QCD y no contiene GN en su definición, por lo que una medida lattice independiente fija α (κ) sin input gravitatorio; (ii) el cierre Tier-2 convierte eso en una predicción micro-macro para GN en términos de κ, μ_*, y LdS; (iii) la identificación entrópica requiere un segundo input, un parámetro por celda ξ definido operacionalmente a partir de una respuesta entrópica UV-finita (Rényi/entanglement o información mutua) en volúmenes característicos del orden de l_*³; (iv) la consistencia con un bound covariante tipo Bousso exige ξ ≤ π α (κ), mientras que la saturación ξ = π α (κ) reproduce exactamente el coeficiente Bekenstein-Hawking S = A/ (4GN) requerido por Jacobson. Además, formalizamos el estatus lógico del cierre: mostramos que la condición de saturación ξ = π α (κ) es una identidad algebraica, no una cuarta ecuación, y que bajo desacoplamiento EFT el marco mínimo “QCD + GR semiclásica” requiere exactamente un input dimensional externo para determinar GN, H y LdS. Discutimos además por qué, en caso de realizarse el puente termodinámico, la universalidad del acoplamiento gravitatorio surge geométricamente sin requerir que QCD sea todo, y por qué las correcciones dinámicas esperadas en FRW son extremadamente pequeñas, del orden H²/μ_*². Finalmente, señalamos un test observacional inmediato: el mecanismo predice w = -1 con correcciones adiabáticas extremadamente pequeñas del orden H²/μ_*², de modo que una evidencia robusta de w (z) ≠ -1 a alta significancia en análisis cosmológicos falsaría esta realización mínima del Tier-2.

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Miguel Ángel Moreno Barajas (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b8f11edeb47d591b8c5f8dhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19037416
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